- The balance of evidence suggests that childhood leukemia is associated with exposure to power frequency EMFs either during early life or pregnancy.
- Considering only average ELF (MF flux densities) the population attributable risk is low to moderate. However there is a possibility that other exposure metrics are much more strongly related to childhood leukemia and may account for a substantial proportion of cases. The population attributable fraction ranges between 1-4% (Kheifets et al., 2007); 2-4% (Greenland & Kheifets 2006); and 3.3% (Greenland, 2001) assuming only exposures above 3 to 4 mG (0.3 – 0.4 µT) are relevant. However, if it is not average ELF (average MF flux density) that is the metric causally related to childhood leukemia the attributable fraction can be much higher. Up to 80% of childhood leukemia may be caused by exposure to ELF.
- Considering only average ELF (MF flux densities) the population attributable risk is low to moderate. However there is a possibility that other exposure metrics are much more strongly related to childhood leukemia and may account for a substantial proportion of cases. The population attributable fraction ranges between 1-4% (Kheifets et al., 2007); 2-4% (Greenland & Kheifets 2006); and 3.3% (Greenland, 2001) assuming only exposures above 3 to 4 mG (0.3 – 0.4 µT) are relevant. However, if it is not average ELF (average MF flux density) that is the metric causally related to childhood leukemia the attributable fraction can be much higher. Up to 80% of childhood leukemia may be caused by exposure to ELF.
- IEEE guideline levels are designed to protect from short-term immediate effects, long-term effects, such as cancer are evoked by levels several orders of magnitudes below current guideline levels.
- Measures should be implemented to guarantee that exposure due to transmission and distribution lines is below an average of about 1 mG (0.1 µT) and precautionary measures are warranted that can reduce all aspects of exposure.Table 1-1 BioInitiative Report Overall Conclusions
